Secondary Data Free Essays

string(150) by client area item Q) What is a modernized Data Base? Modernized DATA BASE A database is essentially an assortment of related information. Q) What are Secondary Data? Optional Data Secondary information will be data accumulated for purposes other than the fruition of an exploration venture. Information recently gathered by another person, potentially for some other reason that can be utilized later for settling on choices whenever discovered appropriate for the reason, other than the first one. Auxiliary information can be gained from the inside records of the association, their specialties, auxiliaries or sister associations and furthermore from outer sources, for example, offices of business, government, expert and business advisors subject to the accessibility of information . We will compose a custom paper test on Optional Data or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now e. g. , information in books, diaries, papers, magazines, and so on †¢ e. g. , information in reports, reviews, and so on An assortment of auxiliary data sources is accessible to the scientist gathering information on an industry, potential item applications and the commercial center. Optional information is additionally used to increase introductory understanding into the exploration issue. Optional information is characterized as far as its source †either interior or outer. Interior, or in-house information, is optional data gained inside the association where examination is being done. Outer optional information is acquired from outside sources. The auxiliary data will give a valuable foundation and will recognize key inquiries and issues that should be tended to by the essential exploration. Advantages †¢ Low cost †¢ Less exertion †¢ Less time †¢ At times, increasingly exact †¢ At times, best way to acquire information LIMITATION †¢ Collected for some other reason †¢ No influence over information assortment †¢ May not be precise †¢ May not be in right structure †¢ May be obsolete †¢ May not meet information necessities †¢ Assumptions must be made Q) What are the serious issues experienced with Secondary Data? It is important that the auxiliary information are taken from a source which acquired from the first source, and afterward an optional source is being utilized. It is essential to maintain a strategic distance from the utilization of auxiliary sources by utilizing just the first hotspots for a Secondary Data. Different issues may include: †¢ Secondary data relevant to the examination point is either not accessible, or is just accessible in lacking amounts. †¢ Some optional information might be of flawed precision and dependability. Indeed, even government distributions and exchange magazines insights can be deceiving. For instance, many exchange magazines overview their individuals to infer evaluations of market size, advertise development rate and buying designs, at that point normal out these outcomes. Frequently these insights are only normal feelings dependent on under 10% of their individuals. †¢ Data might be in an alternate organization or units than is required by the scientist. †¢ The approach utilized by the gathering for gathering the auxiliary information isn't clarified and the precision level may not be confirmed. Much auxiliary information is quite a long while old and may not mirror the present economic situations. Exchange diaries and different distributions frequently acknowledge articles a half year before show up in print. The exploration may have been done months or even years sooner. Q) What are the significant wellsprings of Internal Data? Inside Data Internal auxiliary informat ion is typically a modest data hotspot for the organization leading examination, and is the spot to begin for existing tasks. Inside created deals and valuing information can be utilized as an examination source. The utilization of this information is to characterize the serious situation of the firm, an assessment of a showcasing procedure the firm has utilized before, or increasing a superior comprehension of the company’s best clients. The fundamental wellsprings of interior information may include: 1. Deals and promoting reports. These can incorporate such things as: †¢ Type of item/administration bought †¢ Type of end-client/industry fragment †¢ Method of installment †¢ Product or product offering †¢ Sales domain †¢ Salesperson †¢ Date of procurement †¢ Amount of procurement †¢ Price †¢ Application by item †¢ Location of end-client 2. Bookkeeping and money related records. These are frequently a disregarded wellspring of inside auxiliary data and can be significant in the distinguishing proof, explanation and forecast of specific issues. Bookkeeping records can be utilized to assess the accomplishment of different promoting systems, for example, incomes from an immediate showcasing effort. There are a few issues in utilizing bookkeeping and money related information. One is the practicality factor †it is frequently a while before bookkeeping proclamations are accessible. Another is simply the structure of the records. Most firms don't enough arrangement their records to give the kinds of answers to investigate addresses that they need. For instance, the record frameworks should catch venture/item costs so as to recognize the company’s generally productive (and least gainful) exercises. Organizations ought to likewise consider building up execution markers dependent on budgetary information. These can be industry guidelines or remarkable ones intended to gauge key execution factors that will empower the firm to screen its exhibition over some undefined time frame and contrast it with its rivals. Some model might be deals per representative, deals per square foot, costs per worker (sales rep, and so on ). 3. Incidental reports. These can incorporate such things as stock reports, administration calls, number (capabilities and pay) of staff, creation and RD reports. Likewise the company’s marketable strategy and client calls (grumblings) log can be helpful wellsprings of data. Regular SOURCES OF INTERNAL SECONDARY DATA Information starting inside the organization 1. Deals solicitations a. Client name b. Address c. Class of item/administration sold d. Cost by unit e. Salesman f. Term of deals g. Shipment point 2. Records receivable reports a. Client name b. Item bought c. Absolute unit and dollar deals d. Client as level of deals . Client as level of territorial deals f. Net revenue g. FICO assessment h. Things brought I back. Explanation behind bring 3 back. Quarterly marketing chart a. Absolute dollar and unit deals by: Customer Geographic portion Customer fragment Sales region Product Sales report Product section b. Complete deals against arranged target c. Absolute deals against spending d. Absolute deals against earlier periods e. Genuine deals rate increment/decline f. Commitment patterns 4. Deals action reports a. Order of client account I. e. Uber, Large, Medium and Small b. Accessible dollar deals expected c. Current deals infiltration d. Existing offers/decreases by client area item Q) What is an electronic Data Base? Automated DATA BASE A database is essentially an assortment of related data. You read Optional Data in classification Article models More explicitly a modernized database is an automated record keeping framework. All the more totally, it is a framework including information, the equipment that genuinely stores that information, the product that uses the hardware’s document framework so as to 1) store the information and 2) give a normalized technique to recovering or changing the information, lastly, the clients who transform the information into data. For some organizations, an automated database containing data about clients and possibilities has become a basic advertising instrument. Making an interior advertising auxiliary database based upon deals results and client inclinations can be an incredible showcasing instrument. Databases managing distributed data generally found in libraries, for example, books, articles and different kinds of records, are ordinarily called bibliographic databases. Mechanized databases distributed auxiliary information, the Internet, and inward databases are significant pieces of an organization’s data framework. Clever dynamic is constantly predicated on having great data. †¢ When an individual uses a robotized teller machine to pull back cash from the ledger, he/she is utilizing an electronic database. †¢ When a trip specialist makes an aircraft booking for the clients, he/she is utilizing an automated database. †¢ When a phone administrator gives the client a telephone number, he/she is utilizing a mechanized database. Any critical assortments of data put away on PCs are for all intents and purposes consistently sorted out as databases and are known as automated information base. Mechanized Database On-line merchants †buy (lease) databases from various providers and offer to the supporters (e. g. administrations gave by America Online, DIALOG). ON-LINE DATABASES Provide http: simple and direct access to open data through a PC. There are around 7,000 databases on an assortment of points that one can utilize. Q) Describe a particular online information base of showcasing chief? An online database which can be utilized by a showcasing supervisor for Substantial Cost Savings, for Increasing the comprehension of the Decision Environment, Upgrading the Decision-Making Effectiveness, Improving the Information Value. This may include: †¢ Internet †World-wide broadcast communications arrange that permits PCs to get to information, documents, pictures and sound all through the world. †¢ World Wide Web †Component of the Internet intended to make transmission of text and pictures simple. †¢ Uniform Reference Locator (URL) †Internet address that distinguishes a particular area. †A normal Web address resembles the accompanying: http://www. microsoft. com †¢ Search Engines †Internet search indexes to help in finding subjects of intrigue and URLs. †A model is Yahoo at http://www. yippee. co

Kraft’s Acquisition of Cadbury Essay

The Kraft Foods Group Inc. (â€Å"Kraft†) works in the food and refreshment industry. Kraft is the U.S.’s #1 food organization and #2 on the planet (after Nestlã ©) in deals as per Hoover’s 2009. Their upper hands are: worldwide scale [distribution around 150 nations, (LexisNexis, 2012)]; current innovation, gear and R&D (â€Å"Kraft sends SAP Tech. platform†, 2008); their organizations with organizations like AOL TWX, Rainforest Alliance, and so on. (â€Å"Kraft Foods accomplices with Rainforest Alliance on reasonable espresso initiative†, 2009); and their gracefully chain (www.pincsolutions.com/kraft-nourishments, 2012). These focal points can characteristic Kraft’s Net Profit Margin of 10.08%, contrasted with the industry’s normal of 5.37% (Hoover’s, 2012). Then again, Cadbury is an ice cream parlor and is the industry’s second-biggest universally after Mars (Gray, 2009) and the organization works in approx. 50 nations around the world. Their capacities, image notoriety and development speak to their principle upper hands (â€Å"Using Open Innovation to Ensure Competitive Advantage†, 2010). With the securing, Cadbury will profit by Kraft’s scale (Birchall and Wiggins, 2009), their dispersion in developing markets (Elms, â€Å"Kraft and Cadbury) and their showcasing muscle (English, 2009), which will bring about a quicker development for Cadbury. Kraft will profit by differentiating much more on related business (they effectively own Toblerone, Nutter Butter, and so on,) and furthermore from Cadbury’s abilities (brand, development, know-how, and so on.) that will probably speak to as an extra wellspring of significant worth creation for Kraft. Together the organizations will most likely disable the opposition: for instance the end of Hershey’s permit to make and sell the Cadbury marks in the U.S. (30% of complete deals, Hoover’s, 2008). At present Kraft if confronting two significant issues, and they are: †The securing possibly bodes well if Kraft can acquire an arrival on venture capital greater than the expense of capital inside a sensible time span. †The opposition with Nestle, Hershey and Mars. The suggestions are the accompanying: Kraft should help the development and gainfulness of Cadbury by abusing their scale, advertising potential, putting in developing markets and associations, as they did with Post oats in 2008 (Hoover’s, 2009). Moreover on the practical level, Cadbury’s legitimate office ought to end Hershey’s permit to sell and circulate their items in the U.S. what's more, move this licenses to Kraft. Kraft ought to likewise exploit the Cadbury obtaining (broadening on related business) and this should bring about the making of extra an incentive for Kraft, bringing about an upper hand versus contenders (Nestlã ©, Mars, and so on.). A â€Å"tapered† combination of Cadbury is sensible: selling the conveyance rights to rivals in the business sectors where Kraft is absent (43 nations); simultaneously Kraft should misuse the elite dissemination and manufacture rights for Cadbury’s items where they are available.

CASE Identity and Intersectionality

CASE Identity and Intersectionality The two thousand sixteenth year anno Domini (or Common Era if youre into that) has been rough. If you are not upset, frustrated, or confused about 2016, then you probably know someone who is. Maybe you want to understand why theyre upset, or maybe you just dont understand how their feelings could differ so drastically from yours. Maybe you dont like the vaguely political ambiguity of the previous sentences and would rather just hear about how cool MIT is. In either case, I have something for you. What is CASE?   CASE stands for Class Awareness, Support, and Equality. This new group hosts a monthly forum in which attendees discuss issues of class disparity and more generally have a dialogue about understanding peoples differences. CASE was founded and is run by MIT students and is open to all MIT students regardless of identity. How did you find out about it? Well, I got this email earlier in the year. As a first-generation college student, I have always wondered how people from similar backgrounds adjust to life at an institution like MIT. I regret that I didnt get to go to this forum. Fortunately, I had the opportunity to attend another forum on an equally interesting topic. What is intersectionality? Intersectionality is the idea that a persons identity is made up of the sum of various identities that cannot be separated from the context of the person. Many of these identities (examples of which include race, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, and age) are either unchangeable or otherwise dictated by the circumstances of ones birth. ????? You dont get to choose if youre black, white, or somewhere in between. You dont get to choose if you come from an affluent family. You dont choose your gender. You dont choose to have a disability. However, there are certain states of identity within these categories that have less pleasant experiences as a result of what they are. Many of these people find themselves disadvantaged in the workplace, in social institutions, or even just in day-to-day life. After all, a persons experiences are inseparable from identity. And in the vast majority of cases, identity is non-negotiable. How did CASE handle this topic? The forum began with a presentation on intersectionality, privilege, and prejudice, as well as comments from those in attendance. Afterward, we participated in an activity where we moved around the room to different signs (including race, ethnicity, immigration status, gender identity, class, sexual orientation, religious affiliation, and disability) based on prompts such as Which of the categories do you find most difficult to discuss with others of different backgrounds? and Which of the identities did you share the most with people when you were growing up? I noted some interesting comments that arose from this discussion and the following activity: Members of marginalized groups do not get to choose not to think about their identities. The same person can both benefit from privilege and experience oppression. Some people feel pressured to marry into positions of greater privilege for themselves or their children. In other countries, issues of class divide, race, or religion may not be the same as they are in the United States. What you experience in light of your identity can directly affect your feelings of self-worth. Where can I learn more about intersectionality? Listen to the woman who coined the term in the first place. I thought this was an admissions blog, not Tumblr. Why is this even relevant? Thank you, straw man. This is relevant to everyone. People whose identities mean a lot to them may experience difficulty in the coexistence of aspects of themselves. For example, a persons sexual orientation might conflict with their religious beliefs, just as a persons race may change the way they view their class in society. Conversely, if you never have to think about your identity, you could benefit from learning about why many people are so hung up on theirs. Discussing our differences in identity (rather than simply ignoring or dismissing them as irrelevant) makes us better, more sympathetic and empathetic humans. In addition, this forum is an example of MIT students coming together for social causes. Care for the perspectives of others is part of the culture of MIT, regardless of our reputation for being a school for automatons. So shout out to CASE for hosting these events. As far as admissions goes, I have heard people say things like I didnt get in because I wasnt enough of a special snowflake or They probably gave my spot to a minority. I have also heard people (@me) say I probably only got in because Im a girl. This is a toxic mindset  that was discussed in the forum. Sure, no college admissions process is perfect. However, you dont get accepted or rejected for your identity. If you got in, rest assured that you are qualified, you are capable, and you have potential. If you didnt get in, you may also be all of these things and simply not an ideal fit for the school but you didnt get turned away for something as trivial as the concentration of melanin in your skin. Whats this I hear about bunnies? Theyre a reward for reading through this post and hopefully becoming a little bit more aware of yourself and the people around you. They can be found hopping around campus near dusk and, like student social awareness, are another thing that makes MIT so great. Post Tagged #CASE (Class Awareness Support and Equality)

The Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln Essay - 1317 Words

â€Å"Sic Semper tyrannis† or â€Å"Thus always I bring death to tyrants† were the famous words of Confederate actor John Wilkes Booth after he shot President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a tragic event that will be forever remembered in the hearts of all American citizens. On April 20, 1999 in Littleton, Colorado, Booth’s words would make a comeback during another American tragedy; Columbine high school was the setting for arguably one of the most notorious school shootings in the history of America. Two average American boys, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris would make Columbine high school one of the most famous in the world by taking aim at their peers and teachers, yet few people know that the notorious shooting was originally planned to be a massive bombing. One of the boys wore a t-shirt under his trench coat with the infamous words blazen on the front to guarantee that their message was understood-- they were see king what they considered as justice when they were setting off bombs in their high school. The school shooting was not the original plan for the two seniors, Harris and Klebold had planned to blow their high school to smithereens. Firearms were suppose to play only a small part in what the boys called â€Å"Judgement Day.† Jefferson County Police Department, the local department that handled the case, has recently released the journals of the two shooters; the journals include detailed itineraries for the attack and all of the trialsShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln861 Words   |  4 PagesAppomattox Courthouse, one of America s greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, was shot and killed by a man named John Wilkes Booth. Specifically, John Wilkes Booth was an American play actor and a big sympathiser for the Confederacy. Booth was well known for his hatred towards the President and his crazy ideas and motives, which lead to the killing of Lincoln. Many conspiracies and theories today believed the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was handled by John Wilkes alone, but other conspiracies believedRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1064 Words   |  5 PagesColin Shafer Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth did not like Abraham Lincoln and was responsible for the President’s death. Abraham Lincoln was born in Harden County, Kentucky on February 12, 1809. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. In 1818, his mother died while he was just nine yearsRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1535 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Cardenas Ritmann History 2B October 16, 2015 The Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln On April 14, 1865 at twelve o’ clock midnight John Wilkes Booth lay in his bed at the National Hotel. Three days earlier he had attended a speech given by President Abraham Lincoln at the White House. The civil war had commenced just two days earlier and the crowd was jubilant. When Lincoln concluded his speech with the the acknowledgment of black suffrage, Booth became incensed and declared that â€Å"Now byRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln511 Words   |  2 PagesThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln occurred on April 15, 1865, Washington, D.C. Lincoln was watching the play â€Å"Our American Cousin† at Ford’s Theatre located in Washington D.C. John Wilkes Booth entered the theatre during the play and shot and killed President Lincoln. This tragic event changed history. President Lincoln was the President of the United States during the time of slavery. He was also the president during the Civil War. Lincoln wantedRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Sic Semper Tyrannis† or â€Å"Thus always I bring death to tyrants† were the famous words of Confederate actor John Wilkes Booth after he shot President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln was a devastating event that will be forever remembered in the hearts of all American citizens. On April 20, 1999 in Littleton, Colorado, Booth’s words became a part of another American tragedy; Columbine high school was the setting for arguably one of the most infamous school shootingsRead MoreThe Assassination Of President Abraham Lincoln Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most tragic moments throughout all American history in my opinion is the Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. With no surprise I am writing about certain event that occurred leading up to, during, and after this unfortunate event. This historical event is clouded with conspiracy but I will try to avoid specifics of that particular view. Abraham Lincoln was born in a little town located within Hardin Country, Kentucky on February 12, 1809 (www.whitehouse.gov/abrahamlincoln). HeRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States of America. He was elected into presidency on November 6, 1860. Many of the southern states were unsupportive of Lincoln becoming president because he had run on an anti-slavery platform. Lincoln being elected into presidency caused states such as South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas to split from the Union. In his inaugural address Lincoln proclaimed it was his duty to maintain the Union; a month laterRead MoreThe Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesorphaned child-to do all which may be achieved and cherished a just and a lasting peace among ourselves, and with all other nations†-Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address (Great Documen ts of America 19). Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States and perhaps one of the most hated presidents that ever served, this hatred for president Lincoln came from his options and actions regarding the nation’s conflict at the time; the Civil War, this came after the succession of fourteenRead MoreThe Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln1456 Words   |  6 Pagesbe the same today if Abraham Lincoln was never assassinated on the unfortunate night of April 14, 1865. His killer, John Wilkes Booth, had a strong resent for the Union that subsequently caused a dramatic shift in history. This hatred was caused by many factors, such as his background and where he grew up, his lust for power and fame, and his mental illness. John Wilkes Booth, a master assassinator and conspirator, hoped to strengthen the confederacy by killing Abraham Lincoln. However, this murderRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Assassination Of President1176 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln’s Assassination President Abraham Lincoln was the first United States president ever to be assassinated while in office. He was president during the Civil War and had many people that did not like him. John Wilkes Booth was one of those people and was the man responsible for the Presidents death. The following is about Abraham Lincoln, John Wilkes Booth, Booth’s plan for Lincoln, the President’s assassination, Booth’s capture and how it affected history. Abraham Lincoln was born

Essay Samples Free Download - the Story

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Company comparison Tesco and Panda Free Essays

string(169) " control throughout the Group, approving the Group’s accounting policies and reviewing the interim and annual financial statements before submission to the Board\." After doing some research, I decided to choose two companies as the organizations to be compared in the written submission, which are Tesco and Panda. In this log-book, the information I gather will be printed in italic, and my personal opinion will be written in 14 point font size with underline. I get most of the information from the internet, besides, I get some information from the email which the companies’ official website, press and the magazines. We will write a custom essay sample on Company comparison: Tesco and Panda or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tesco operates 2,291 stores around the world and employs 296,000 people. We have grown from a domestic retailer, to an International Group, through our organic growth programme. This year, all four parts of the Tesco strategy, the core UK business, non-food, retailing services and international, have increased in profitability. Retailing services Tesco personal finance, established in 1997, now has over 3.4 million customer accounts and 15 products and services. It achieved profits of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½96m in 2003 (Tesco share à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½48m). Tesco.com is the largest grocery e-tailer in the world and achieved a profit of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12m in 2003. We announced recently that we would launch a fixed line phone service in the summer of 2003. Non-food Half of our UK new space opened this year has been for non-food and the result has been to grow our market share to 5%. By analyzing the above information, we can have an overview of the company. It is clear that Tesco is a large-sized organization, which has grown from a domestic retailer, to an International Group. How did Tesco make it? This is the question I have got after reading above information. This part shows some operational details of the company, for example, the employee numbers, age structure, the ownership of the firm, etc. STATEMENT OF APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF THE COMBINED CODE The Group is committed to high standards of corporate governance. This statement describes the manner in which the company has applied the principles set out in the Combined Code on Corporate Governance. DIRECTORS AND THE BOARD The Board of Tesco PLC comprises eight Executive Directors and six independent Non-executive Directors. The Chairman, Mr. J A Gardiner, is an independent Non-executive Director who has a primary responsibility of running the Board. The Chief Executive, Sir Terry Leahy, has executive responsibilities for the operations, results and strategic development of the Group. Clear divisions of accountability and responsibility exist and operate effectively for these positions. In addition, Mr. G F Pimlott is the senior Non-executive Director. The Board ensures that no one individual or group dominates the decision-making process. Since the year-end, the Board has announced its succession plans for the retirement of Mr. J A Gardiner in March 2004. The full Board meets at least ten times a year and annually devotes two days to a conference with senior executives on longer-term planning, giving consideration both to the opportunities and risks of future strategy. The Board manages overall control of the Group’s affairs by the schedule of matters reserved for its decision. In so far as corporate governance is concerned, these include the approval of financial statements, major acquisitions and disposals, authority levels for expenditure, treasury policies, risk management, Group governance policies and succession plans for senior executives. To enable the Board to make considered decisions, a written protocol exists and has been communicated to senior managers ensuring that relevant information is made available to all Board members in advance of Board meetings. All Directors have access to the services of the Company Secretary and may take independent professional advice at the company’s expense in the furtherance of their duties. The need for Director training is regularly assessed by the company. The above information shows a part of operational details of the organization. This part explained the board of Tesco and its operation, for example, the full board meet at least ten times a year and have some more conference as well, this is very logical, All Directors may take independent professional advice at the company’s expense in the furtherance of their duties. GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES The following paragraphs describe the key governance structures operating in the Group under the overall direction of the Board. Executive Committee The Board delegates day-to-day and business management control to the Executive Committee, which comprises the Executive Directors. This meets formally every week and its decisions are communicated throughout the Group on a regular basis. The Executive Committee is responsible for implementing Group policy, the monitoring and performance of the business and reporting to the full Board thereon. Nominations Committee Appointments to the Board for both Executive and Non-executive Directors are the responsibility of the Nominations Committee which is chaired by Mr. J A Gardiner and whose members are set out in the table at the bottom of this page. As exemplified by the section on ‘Directors and their interests’ within the Directors’ report on pages 5 and 6 of the 2003 annual report, the company’s Articles of Association ensure that on a rotational basis Directors resign every three years and, if they so desire and are eligible, offer themselves for re-election. Remuneration Committee The Remuneration Committee, composed entirely of Non-executive Directors, is chaired by Mr. C L Allen. The members are set out in the table at the bottom of this page. The responsibilities of the Remuneration Committee, together with an explanation of how it applies the Directors’ remuneration principles of the Combined Code, are set out in the report of the Directors on remuneration on pages 12 to 21 of the 2003 annual report. Audit Committee The Board has an Audit Committee, chaired by Mr. G F Pimlott and consisting entirely of Nonexecutive Directors, which meets a minimum of three times a year. Membership of the Audit Committee is set out in the table at the bottom of this page. Its terms of reference are reviewed annually and represent current best practice. The Committee’s primary responsibilities include monitoring the system of internal control throughout the Group, approving the Group’s accounting policies and reviewing the interim and annual financial statements before submission to the Board. You read "Company comparison: Tesco and Panda" in category "Papers" The Committee will be undertaking an assessment of the Group’s position in relation to the Financial Reporting Council guidelines for strengthening the Combined Code, issued recently as the ‘Smith Report’, although it is believed that the Group already comply substantially with the proposals. The review will also cover the role and effectiveness of the Non-executive Directors as set out in the ‘Higgs Report’. Compliance Committee The Compliance Committee ensures that the Board discharges its obligations to comply with all necessary laws and regulations. It has established a schedule for the regular review of the Group’s operational activities to ensure compliance with accepted practices and policies. The Committee, comprising two Executive Directors and three members of senior management, normally meets four times a year. Some functional details are given in this part: the structure of management. There are five kind of committee; each one has its own duty, and they operate very well when they work together. The logical structure is another reason of Tesco’s success. As different type of organizations, there must be differences between the management structure of Tesco and Panda, I will compare them in the written submission. INTERNAL CONTROL AND RISK MANAGEMENT The Board has overall responsibility for internal control, including risk management, and sets appropriate policies having regard to the objectives of the Group. Executive management has the responsibility for the identification, evaluation and management of financial and non-financial risks and for the implementation and maintenance of control systems in accordance with the Board’s policies. The Board, through the Audit Committee, has reviewed the effectiveness of the systems of internal control for the accounting year and the period to the date of approval of the financial statements, although it should be understood that such systems are designed to provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. Internal control environment The Group operates an objectives-driven approach aimed at satisfying its core purpose that translates into a rolling five-year business plan. The plan covers both revenue and capital expenditure and forms the basis of business plans for all our business entities. From this the Board, together with monitoring regimes based upon our Steering Wheel, agrees the annual revenue and capital budgets. The Steering Wheel is the term used to describe our balanced scorecard approach, which we believe is the best way to achieve results for our shareholders. It sets out a broad range of targets under quadrant headings of customers, operations, people and finance. This allows the business to be operated and monitored on a balanced basis with due regard for all stakeholders. The Board undertakes a formal review of progress on a quarterly basis and any resulting actions considered appropriate are communicated throughout the business. The capital investment programme is subject to formalised review procedures requiring key criteria to be met. All major initiatives require business cases to be prepared, normally covering a minimum period of five years. Post-investment appraisals are also carried out. Risk management process At the highest level, the Board considers strategic risk every time it meets. The two-day Board Conference, referred to earlier, considers where future opportunities and risks lie and helps shape our corporate strategy going forward. Accountabilities for managing operational risks are clearly assigned to line management. Internal controls have been developed over all risks in line with the risk appetite determined by the Board and are subject to review. Formal risk assessments are carried out routinely throughout the business. Procedures exist to ensure that significant risks and control failures are escalated to senior management and the Board, as necessary, on a daily, weekly and periodic basis. What is the aim of these strategies? Does Panda have the similar management process? If not, how does it deal with the same problem? Monitoring The monitoring of strategic and operational risks are responsibilities of the Board and line managers respectively. The Board maintains the Key Risk Register and considers at their formal risk assessments whether the actions being taken in mitigation are sufficient. The Internal Audit function also operates on a risk-based approach helping managers with their risk responsibilities and advising on appropriate controls. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our external auditors, contribute a further independent perspective on certain aspects of the internal financial control system arising from their work. Independence is strengthened by an agreement to rotate audit partners every five years. The engagement of auditors is considered annually by the Audit Committee. Annual statements received from CEOs further support the monitoring of key subsidiary operations. These statements confirm that the Board’s governance policies have been adopted in practice and spirit. Overall, the Audit Committee seeks to ensure that the whole management process provides adequate control over all major risks to the Group. This is achieved through consideration of regular reports from internal and external audit alongside discussions with senior managers. Other specialist functions within the Group, notably Trading Law and Technical and Company Secretariat, provide assurance and advice on health and safety, regulatory and legal compliance and social, ethical and environmental issues. These functions report their findings on a regular basis to the Compliance Committee. What are the advantages of these responsibilities? How could they be taken in Panda? I will try to find the answer when I am doing Panda’s research. At present, I think the company can prevent from risk; at least it can reduce the bad effect. Communication A programme of communication exists and is constantly being developed, to ensure that all staff is aware of the parameters that constitute acceptable business performance and the expectations of the Board in managing risk. This provides clear definition of the Group’s purpose and goals, accountabilities and the scope of permitted activities of companies, executive functions and individual staff. Communication is an important part of organizational culture, what are the communication channels of Tesco and Panda? How does it work? The programme of communication is constantly developed and it is proved necessary. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The Board regards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an integral part of the overall corporate governance framework and is fully integrated into existing management structures and systems. Therefore, the risk management policies, procedures and monitoring methods described above equally apply to our CSR activities, including the management of social, ethical and environmental (SEE) risks. Many investors take an interest in how companies are managing non-financial risks as these can, under certain circumstances, have an impact on shareholder value. For example, The Association of British Insurers (ABI) has published disclosure guidelines on social responsibility, including SEE matters, for investors and companies. Last year, we published our first CSR Review on our website, www.tesco.com/everylittlehelps. This reflects the importance that Tesco has placed on CSR over the past 10 years. More details of our CSR strategy can be found in the Tesco Corporate Social Responsibility Review 2002/03 and on our website. We have an established cross-functional CSR Committee that meets a minimum of four times a year. The CSR Committee is chaired by the Group Corporate Affairs Director, and its membership is made up of senior managers from all parts of the business. One of its objectives is to identify threats and opportunities for the coming year and to highlight emerging issues. The CSR Committee has established a set of CSR Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and these KPIs are used to track performance quarterly and annually. The KPIs feed directly into the Steering Wheel monitoring system explained earlier and thus contribute to the overall monitoring of Group performance and control evaluation by the Board. The Chairman of the CSR Committee makes regular reports to the Executive Board on CSR matters. The CSR KPIs and the related management system are available in the CSR Review 2002/03 and on-line. Actually there is a relationship between environment and the companies. Environmental factors influence the development of companies and create opportunities and threats for them; it influences and determines the way the company must operate and how it has to accomplish its marketing objectives. Parts of environmental details have been shown by the information. Tesco made a great effect on Corporate Social Responsibility and the company gets a strong support by its customers. I will explain the reason in the written submission. This year sales in our core UK market have grown by 7.9% and underlying operating profit by 6.9% reinforcing our position as the number one food retailer in the UK. Our strong UK performance allows us to expand into retailing services and international markets. Number of stores In the UK we opened 62 new stores this year adding a further 1.4 million sq ft. We also acquired 1,202 TS Stores, a leading convenience retailer, giving us an additional 1.8 million sq ft. This brings the total number of stores in the UK to 1,982. Four store formats we tailor our stores to meet our local customers’ needs. We have four different store formats: Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. All formats provide a different shopping experience for our customers, but all offer the same outstanding value. Store development we listen to customer and staff feedback to continually improve our stores. This year our UK development plan has seen refresh and extension programmes, tailored to local customer requirements, improve over 200 stores. Staff our loyal and committed staff have helped make us Britain’s biggest supermarket. This year we have taken on an additional 9,000 people, with a further 5,000 over Christmas, to help serve our customers better. 104,000 of our staff are shareholders. The above data prove Tesco to be the biggest retailer in UK; does it only locate in UK? If not, what about its international market? What have Panda done? As I know Panda is the biggest electronic company in China at present, and it is also facing to the international market. Between the two different types of companies, is there any similar idea when they are dealing with the global market? In our European business sales have grown by 22.5% and underlying operating profit by 56.7%. We have opened 18 hypermarkets in the year, making us the largest hypermarket operator in Central Europe. Five countries Tesco now operates in five countries in Europe as well as the UK; Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland, accessing 68 million people. Number of stores we now have a total of 230 stores across Europe and this year we became the leading hypermarket retailer in Central Europe. Our ongoing plans for the region will see us expand next year to over 100 hypermarkets, growing our market share even further. Sales area our expansion programme has seen our total European sales area increase to 10.6 million sq ft in the past 12 months, a rise of 31% on last year. This includes the 13 hypermarkets acquired from the HIT chain in Poland. Staff This year we have taken on 6,500 extra staff and we now employ 47,500 people across our European operation. In Hungary we are the country’s second biggest private employer, with 11,000 members of staff working across our operation. This year our Asian operation has delivered sales growth of 45.5% and underlying operating profit growth of 144.8%. We operate in four countries across South East Asia including our latest market, Malaysia. Four countries this year we opened our first stores in Malaysia. We continue to build a business of scale in our developing markets of Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan and Malaysia, accessing a population of 155 million. Store development a total of 28 new stores were opened across the four countries, including seven Home plus stores in South Korea. These new stores have boosted our total floor space across Asia to 7.5 million sq ft, a rise of 34% on last year. Store formats we have continued to develop our formats to suit our different customers’ needs. In Taiwan, plans are in place to open our first city-format store in the capital Taipei later this year. In Thailand we now have eight Express stores, a supermarket, and our first Value store. Staff this year we recruited a further 4,000 local managers and staff to deliver for our customers. We now employ a total of 28,000 people across Asia. In Thailand we had over 600 internal promotions last year. As the biggest retailer in UK, in order to have further development, Tesco has to entry to the international market, and it has already had some progress now. Now its store are located in 9 countries, and number will be still increasing. It has a large number of stores, employees, and loyal customers as well. It has different strategies in different locations. In the written submission, I will compare the data of the two companies. To complete it, I need to search more information about the functional advantages or disadvantages to location, type of property, running costs, time at location etc. Every day, more than 11 million people visit our stores knowing they can pick what they want, when and where they want it Tesco’s product/service details are clearly shown in its homepage. It has a big range of product/service so it can make customers feel satisfied. The nature is simple: let customers know they can pick what they want, when and where they want it. Now I will move on to Panda, a Chinese electronic company. This part will also contain organizational details which are shown in Tesco’s. As the cradle of China’s electronics industry, Panda Electronics Group Co., Ltd. (PEG) was founded in 1936, with a history of sixty-eight years. Brand ‘Panda’ is the first Chinese electronics products brand entered into international market and also the first ‘Well-Known Brand’ of electronics industry in China. PEG is one of the largest electronics comprehensive backbone enterprises, 120 pilot enterprise groups, 512 key enterprises, six largest groups of electronics industries in China. Since the 50’s of 20th century, more than 30 Chinese leaders including Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin had inspected PEG. With the great concerns of leaders of the government and the Party, PEG has developed rapidly. Recently, major products of PEG covers HF communication, satellite communication system, mobile communication system, macaronis production equipment, base station, program control exchangers, mobile phones, TV sets, washing machines, DVD players, computers, monitors, system integration, network, software and radio receivers. Technology force of PEG is in leading position in China’s electronics industry. With its own power, PEG has created many â€Å"first in China† and won national honors. PEG has not only five national engineering research centers (engineering research centre for A/V digital products, national technology development centre, mass production technology centre, micro-electronics technology design centre, and engineering research centre for mobile satellite communication technology), but also post doctoral scientific research station. PEG cooperates with 12 large international companies entered into the top 500 largest companies in the world and more than 10 key universities and research institutes in domestic in technology fields to jointly develop new products. The speeds of renew of products has been increased greatly. Up to now, PEG has subscribers of 70,000,000 people, and is a famous brand electronics company possesses the most subscribers in china. Adhering to regard subscribers’ standard as the top standards of enterprise, PEG is responsible for subscribers, services for subscribers and obtained the certificate for ISO 9001 international quality standards assurance. While self-developing, PEG made great efforts to exploit the international market and actively joint venture with the international large companies, such as Sweden’s ERICSSON, Japan’s SHARP and Korea’s LG, made good economic efficiency. It became a new growth point of economic efficiency of the company. Nanjing Panda Electronics Co., Ltd. was founded in 1996. H shares and shares were issued to the public in Hong Kong and Shanghai respectively. The Company was listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and the Shanghai Stock Exchange respectively. In 1999, the Company carried out the policy of reconstructing of the assets, realized the reform of multi-element property rights. As the cradle of China’s electronics industry, Panda Electronics Group Co., Ltd. was founded in 1936. Brand ‘Panda’ is the first Chinese electronics products brand entered into international market and also the first ‘famous Brand’ of electronics industry in China. Panda Electronics Group Co., Ltd. is one of the top 520 national key enterprises, one of the top 120 enterprises under experiment and one of the key enterprise groups in Nanjing Municipality and Jiangsu Province. The Company established 5 national R D centers and a postdoctorate research work station. The Company established marketing networks spreading over nationwide, more than 40 countries and regions in the world. Users and consumers are up to 70,000,000. The Company was honored ‘First Grade Stated-Owned Enterprise’ in the first batch, ‘National Key New High-Tech Enterprise’ and ranked among the top 500 largest industrial enterprises in China for 10 years running. Now I have an overview about Panda’s company profile, from a simple point, what is the difference between Tesco and Panda? This would be an important part I which I should explain in my essay. It also shows some operational and locational details, which I can compare to Tesco’s directly in the essay. The operational details I have got is not as many as Tesco’s, although I sent the company an email, they replied me with few information. However, I find more locational details of Panda, so I can have a detailed discussion about its advantages/disadvantages in the essay. There are both common points and differentia between the two companies’ operational details, but all the information proved the locational details of the two companies are quite distinct from each other. These discussions will take an important part in the following written submission. Then I found Panda’s functional details on its website and the magazine, in the essay, I can compare this with Tesco’s functional details to point out their feature. They also sent me some more details with email, shown in the next page. Board of Directors Position Name Chairman, President and CEO Ni Runfeng Vice-Chairman and COO Wang Fengchao Director and CFO Liu Tibin Director and Vice-President Li Kexing Zheng Guangqing Wu Jiang Board’s Secretary and Vice-President Tan Mingxian Director He Mingfen Director and Minister of Planning Development Dept Lang Fengwei Director and International Business Dept Wu Jiang Director and General Manager of Air-conditioner Com Li Jin Senior Management Executive Officers President and Chief Executive Officer(CEO) Ni Runfeng Executive President and Chief Operation Officer(COO) Wang Fengchao Chief Financial Officer(CFO) Liu Tibin Vice Executive Presidents Li Kexing Zheng Guangqing Wu Jiang Tan Mingxian As a comprehensive multinational corporation, what is the characteristic of its structure? What is the difference between the two companies’ structure? Why do they have differences? This is the main part I am going to explain in my essay. Panda Management Conceptions In our understanding, management of an enterprise denotes the administrator’s thoughts and ideological level. It is the process through which the administrator does his management work with a clear and dedicated aim to advance the prospects of the company. In doing something new, we will certainly meet some obstacles. If we are reluctant to have a try or even to make plans for innovations, we will surely not succeed in making progress. Furthermore in making innovations, we might struggle or even fail sometimes, but we feel we can make progress gradually by learning from our mistakes. An administrator’s ideological level has a great effect on the management efficiency. We feel he needs to be open and aboveboard, and should manage the company with strong ideals of justice and fairness. An administrator should always set up a new aim for the company to operate with as a goal in mind. A new aim stimulates all of the staff to work harder. We need to always bear in his mind that only the fittest will be able to survive in the tough market competition. Market competition is like sailing against the current: either you keep forging ahead or you keep falling behind. Thus, an administrator should always work with a new goal in mind. Only in this way can he continue to take new action and to deal with new situations with foresight which will allow the company to make useful progress. So, the characteristics of Panda management depend on the philosophy that people are treated as the foundation of the company’s success and that while the management rules are always strictly adhered to, the employees are nevertheless an integral part of and always regarded as essential to the company’s continued progress and success. Panda Ideas The purpose of the company is to serve people with technology. In our business operations, we have a clear management concept that we will win the market so long as we produce on a large scale at a leading pace. We have taken a market-and-order-orientation attitude toward the market. All we are doing in our work is for the services of customers and market. We are constantly improving the quality of our products. We are trying to reach the highest level in quality control. In personnel management, we firmly believe that the company should on the one hand offer employees’ opportunities to expand their abilities and that on the other hand the employees will earn profits for the company. Thus we consider the relationship between company and employees as a reciprocal one from which both can benefit. Now I understand Panda’s management conceptions/ideas, as parts of its organizational culture, it contains many differences with Tesco’s. I will explain what the differences are in the essay. Since the 50’s of 20th century, more than 30 Chinese leaders including Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin had inspected PEG. With the great concerns of leaders of the government and the Party, PEG has developed rapidly. Monopolization is forbidden in China, so Chinese government gives some help to other smaller competitors of PEG. As a huge market, China attracts many foreign companies, some large-sized companies, such as Sony, Samsung, and National, join in to the competition, to encourage the foreign enterprises, Chinese government constituted some policy for them as well, for example, low tax. Without the support from the government, PEG is not too strong to win the competition. International marketing has become a major issue for companies. In the twentieth century, world trade has been more and more important. All over the world; companies are aiming at penetrating new foreign markets. As a large company which can not get enough market shares in its own country, PEG planed to entry the international market as well. When entering international business it is necessary to take into account the political system of the target country. It is much more risky to operate in absolutism or anarchy than in democracy. Political stability is a basic requirement. The legal environment of the target country is also essential to consider. China has free trade agreements with several countries, making it less expensive and easier to export Chinese products and to import foreign products. These circumstances contribute to the increase of foreign trade by providing an environment, in which it is easy for Chinese companies to export their products to international markets. In case of an export company, the most important legal factors are the export-import regulations, requirements, restrictions and the rate of tariffs. When establishing a subsidiary in another country, other legal factors become important. The company law, competition policy and tax regulations determine the everyday operations of the company. Along with foreign investment regulations, environment-protection requirements etc., they set the legal environment for the firm. It is important to carefully examine and consider these factors. The threat posed by them can be reduced if the management is aware of them and understands these regulations well. PEG did get this great chance and it exported a large amount of its products to the developing countries and some western countries, unfortunately it did not deal with the regulations very well, for example, in Chinese advertisements it is usually allowed to compare competing productions, but it is not allowed in many European countries, PEG did not realize this when it first entry a foreign market, as a result, in some countries the company was indicted as export dumping. In order to review an organization or individual services, it is important to understand the external factors that influence the organization. An effective way to identify these external influences is to carry out a PESTEL analysis. Because of the different situation of China and UK, it is no doubt that the impacts of environmental factors for the two companies are different. By using the information I have, I can do a ‘PEST’ analysis of both Tesco and Panda in my essay by taking some examples. It manufactures many kinds of products including the following series: Color TV series: CTV, PTV, Applied TV series (Hotel TV, Huge Projection TV Wall, CRT TV Wall, TV-PC, Playback TV, etc)†¦ Air-conditioner series: all kinds of Windows, Wall-mounted, Cabinet, Floor-mounted, and small Central Air-conditioners†¦ AV product series: all kinds of DVD, VCD, DVD+AMP, Amplifier, Voice speaker Box, CD, MP3†¦ Network series: DVB-C, DVB-S, ADSL, C-LAN, and Family Information-resolution System†¦ Battery series: High Quality Environmental Protection Battery, Rechargeable Battery, Nichrome Storage Battery and kinds of Chargers†¦ Electronic Component series: PCB, FBT, Tuner, kinds of Transformers and Coils, Inductance, Conduct-electricity Rubber, Spring†¦ Protection for Safety series: Finance Band System, Hotel System, Traffic Management, Public Place, Family Protection for Safety, Individual Protection System for Safety†¦ LCD series: LCD-TV, LCD-M and other LCD applied products†¦ White Household Appliance and small Household Appliance series: Washing Machine, Water-heater, and Fuel Gas Canteen†¦ Technology Equipment series: kinds of Assembly Line, Frock of Assembly Line, Meters of Assembly Line, and Tools of Production†¦ These are information which relates to Panda’s product/service details. As same as Tesco, Panda have many different kinds of products, and it also develops in some other industries. Comparing to each other, the two companies’ product/service are totally in different area, however, they may have the common management conceptions/ideas, it will be interesting to compare this part in the essay. Now I have collected the two companies’ details about their operation, location, function, environment and product/service. All the information will be used to prove my opinion in the written submission. How to cite Company comparison: Tesco and Panda, Papers

Rizal Analysis free essay sample

?Por Telepono or By Phone is a play written by Philippine national hero, Jose Rizal. It discusses social issues and plans for the Philippines by two Friars. It was published in 1889 as a reply to a friar named Fr. Salvador Font in connection to his discrimination about Noli Me Tangere and for initiating the banning of Noli in the fall of 1889. The first pamphlet was printed in Barcelona under the authorship of Dimas Alang. Por Telefono is a satirical comedy about Father Font, who was at Madrid speaking with a provincial priest in San Agustin Monastery using a telephone line that is spear-headed by The Trans-Oceanic Telephone Co. Por Telepono is full of symbolism. It unveils how friars lived their lives and how they give thanks for the donations given by ilustrados. Every line that has been uttered in Madrid is like an echo that fills the corners of the Philippines. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By Telephone by Dimas Alang (Jose Rizal) In this article Rizal writes as if from the future and, with satire and irony, condemns the rule of the friars in his day. Rizal sent his manuscript to Mariano Ponce and, under his direction, it was published in Barcelona in 1889. F. Salvador Font, who censored Rizals Noli Me Tangere, occasioned this ridicule In the year 1900 the Philippines was for the first time connected with the Motherland by means of a Telephone Line by an English-Catalonian firm called The Trans-Oceanic Telephone Company, well known in its time for its truly enterprising spirit. Thanks to the perfection of the instruments, there could be heard in Madrid the mystical sighs of the friars here as they prayed with great piety before the sacred images, likewise their humble talk, their words of conformity and resignation, and even their thanksgiving for the alms of rice and fish which the people gave out of compassion for their fasting and abstinence. Such was the perfection of the telephone that even the silence which prevailed in the refectories could be transmitted, and from the noise of mastication, it could be definitely known that the most gluttonous of the friars did not eat over five mouthfuls a day. How poor and virtuous these priests are! exclaimed he affected democrats in Madrid. How poor and virtuous these priests are! repeated the telephone in the Philippines, and this was circulated everywhere, in the convents, churches, and so forth. Upon learning this, the friars reduced further the quantity of their morels fearing that there might be a hungry native. They taught the youth how to read and write and forcibly also instructed them in the Spanish language, not seldom suffering insults and fist-blows from the parents of the youths for daring to open their eyes. God be praised! the friars would answer, turning the other cheek saying: All for the sake of God and Mother Spain! Thus they continued to teach just as soon as the despotic native had gone away, if the Government, impelled by the parents, would not institute action against them for teaching an offense constituting a great crime by endangering the integrity of the country. By request of the natives, the Overseas Minister, the Procurator of the Augustinian friars one day telephoned from Madrid to Manila, is offering our Order an hacienda in order that the friars might not die of hunger but live with a certain comfort. What shall I answer him? The telephone transmitted the offer to the Augustinian convent. O Jesus, my Jesus! Holy God, might Saint, immortal Saint! May God protect us from all temptation exclaimed all the friars, and on hearing this news, they dropped on their knees and covered their ears. Lord, Lord! cried the Provincial beating his breast soundly, and not as one who would only deceive the faithful to get money from them. I have ruined the little soul of Salvadorcito by sending him to Madrid as the Procurator! He was so good, so humble, so simple, so ingenuous, so silent, so chaste, and so frank when he was here! Now he is ruined! Imagine giving such proposals, such sinful ones! Alas! Alas! Domine quare deleriquiste eum? Oh, Lord, why didst thou forsake him? All the inmates of St. Augustine groaned, and all the friars were beating their breasts and scourging one another to do penance and to bring the soul of little Salvadorcito Tont to the right path. All this consternation in the convent of St. Augustine was heard in Madrid by telephone, and Salvadorcito Tont exclaimed with the simple air of a good boy: I wonder if they have imprisoned all my brothers for failing to read all the pamphlets which the natives published against them, insulting them with ecclesiastical approval! After all, this has been rightly done. Who commands to answer and counter? If they insult us in the booklets we, as imitators and ministers of Christ, should be compelled to read them all, especially if there are indulgences, and they should prohibit us from answering them and defending ourselves. That is why we have vows of haughtiness. . . . I am going immediately to see the Minister and ask him to flog any priest of my religion who through pride, will not say ‘Amen’ to everything and regard the truth; he will thus see that, although a simpleton, I do not lack love of Justice. . . Then he looked for his shoes with holes in the soles because what he had on had no soles. The good Augustinian had to go on foot to the Ministry, as he does not even have carfare, notwithstanding his vow of wealth! Salvadorcito, Salvadorcito! called the telephone. Salvadorcito recognized the voice of the Provincial and began to tremble, as he was very obedient. At your orders, Father! he answered and he knelt down by the telephone in order to be in a more respectful position, although this was forbidden by his vow of haughtiness. How did you permit yourself to be tempted by the enemy of evil into accepting for a moment the offer to give us a hacienda? My son, did you not perceive that this was only a trap laid by the enemy, inspired, no doubt, by that damned soul, Rizal, so that we may thus become rich, haughty, powerful, and licentious because that wretch from Calamba desires nothing better than that we practice our vows of wealth, haughtiness, and licentiousness which the sacrilegious founders have imposed upon us all? Don’t you dare again listen to such offers. Here we not only work and construct our churches with our hands, we not only sow and help the poor, but what little they give us, we, in turn, hand over to the rich and proud in order that they may tyrannize us more so that their greed may be increased and they may exploit and ruin us the more, put us in prison, exile us, and so forth. . . Thus we spread the law of Christ everywhere in the islands were we are exiled; then there will be more imitators. . . There is not one faithless Igorot left, not even a single non-Christian in the mountains; all have been baptized and they all exploit us as good Christians. What you should propose to the Minister in order that our doctrine may triumph, is that he emulate the Roman praetors [= a Roman magistrate [rly] and send us cruel and bloodthirsty governors to violate the laws and persecute us. Thus will the dormant one awaken, the lukewarm be strengthened, and the attention of the indifferent who are now so many be aroused. . . Remember that in order to make a cause triumph, it is necessary that it be persecuted. Let them go ahead and persecute us! Thus will the dormant one awaken, the lukewarm be strengthened and the attention of the indifferent who are now so many be aroused. . . Remember that in order to make a cause triumph, it is necessary that it be persecuted. Let them go ahead and persecute us! In the meantime, I impose as a penance upon you, who are neither vain nor insincere, to have your picture taken in several positions, but always in the attitude of meditating, or as if writing a sermon, with pen in hand, and beside a lamp, wearing eyeglasses, even though you don’t need them; do you understand? You will exhibit these photographs in public so that everyone will say, even if it is not believed, ‘What a thinker he is; what a great orator Salvadorcito Tont must be! He is always writing sermons and has to time even to have his picture taken! ’ This will make you miserable, because even if you have the vows of wealth, haughtiness and licentiousness, you pay no attention to them. . Don’t forget to have your picture taken in a pensive mood and as a comedian! God be with you! Thy will be done! sighed Salvadorcito resignedly, and his whole house resounded with laments. Salvadorcito was so humble that he was tortured by the idea of appearing in public, even if only in a photograph, and that is why, whenever he had to preach, he assumed a hollow and cavernous voice to make his hearers afraid and see if they would leave him alone. Salvadorcito, Salvadorcito! again shouted the telephone. At your orders, the good procurator answered, and this time he fell on his hands and knees so that he could listen more reverently to his Provincial. Request the Minister not to make Fr. Rodriguez a bishop. Tell him that he is very busy researching and looking for words deriving from Calamba, such as Calamban, Calambanian, Calamian, Calam, etc. Imagine what a task this is fro him! He is sweating to beat the band! He has no time to be a bishop, although he would make a good one, because he is condemned by our Father, St. Augustine, to be stupid all his life. For God’s sake, don’t let them make him a bishop! It is not the Minister who wants to make him a Bishop, but the Dominicans who wish to avoid the office, owing to the spirit of haughtiness! answered Salvadorcito. Then tell the Minister that there is nobody like the Dominicans for bishops. I know one here who is so friendly to the natives and an enemy of our faith that he does not let the Chinese take part in ceremonies, although he knows very well that as soon as they leave the country they give up Christianity. They take to Christianity for convenience. Among Chinese, the worst Christians they are the better persons they become. The Dominicans know this and even if the Chinese offer to give them money, they would not accept it. No, sir! They manage to prevent the natives from quarreling with the mestizos and the latter from quarreling with the Chinese, all against the express mandate of Jesus Christ to ‘divide in order to rule. ’ For this disobedience, they ought to be made bishops. They should be made to carry miters on their heads as symbol of pride, like the Assyrian and Persian priests who wore such ornaments. These people follow Machiavelli, that accursed Machiavelli, who said that peace and harmony should be preached. Talking about harmony, do you know, Salvadorcito, that Father Baldomero and another one went to visit the college bearing the same name, which is a school for girls, if you don’t remember well. . . Of course, they did not visit the dormitories while the girls were dressing and changing their clothes, neither did they talk with the prettiest girls, and the few words they exchanged with them were not said in the dark nor behind doors far from other people. . . Oh, but what misery they suffered! They who were so chaste, so virtuous and so pure-minded! The Sisters were so aloof, so unaccommodating and so intolerant! All the time they were there they talked only of God always assuming a penitent and solemn mood! Alas, alas! Why, what’s the matter, Salvadorcito? Please take me away from the Office of Procurator, because here I am suffering what Baldomero and the other fellow must have suffered in the girls’ College. What a lot of beautiful girls and women. . . Oh, my! I wish to go back to Manila! Madrid is doomed! Here the natives will imprison and exile you without trial! For simply writing a secret report they will. . . Never mind! You will die of hunger and will not ride a coach! I travel on foot here. I warn you that you will have to salute the natives, otherwise they will file an administrative case against you, and exile you. I don’t care! I prefer all that to living among beautiful. . . women. Remember that if you do not accommodate the gobernadorcillo, he will accuse you of being anti-Spanish. . .. I will protest and say that I love Spain. They won’t believe you, because the natives are very rich and they publish pamphlets against the friars with permission of the authorities. Then what shall I do? Oh, what shall I do? Remain there as Procurator. Oh, my! Present Chinese and Japanese gifts to the Ministers, the Delegates, and the Senators in order to promote our ends. Yes, that’s it, the Chinese! And what else? Wait until they make you a Bishop. Oh, my! And later, a Cardinal! Alas But in the meanwhile, you must have the government award crosses, estates, and offices to our enemies. And suppose they will engineer a revolt and claim that it is we who are behind it because we are ‘bistirufels’? Silence. What shall I say about ‘bistriufelism’? Silence. ‘Bistirufelism’ did you say? ’ answered a voice at last. You tell the Minister that it does not exist, but if he wants it to exist, just let him think about it and it will. Tell him that we have already suffered too much, that we suffer now and will suffer more. However, as nothing is eternal in this life, our sufferings will some day come to an end, that day when we are convinced that the Government is with our enemies. Prometheus Bound: Jose Rizal once sculpted a small sculpture â€Å"Prometheus Bound†, that depicted Prometheus who brought fire to man according to the Greek myth. By Prometheus’ very act of empowering mankind, Zeus punished him by chaining him on the Caucasus mountains. Everyday an eagle comes and eats his liver, only to be grown back again at night, so that on the next day the eagle will come again to eat it. I’d like to think that Rizal thought of the great potential of Filipinos, chained by 300 years of superstition, ignorance, and feudalism as he sculpted a similar scene depicted on this painting. If you know how the story goes, Hercules eventually kills the eagle and frees Prometheus. As to who will be Hercules of the Philippines, one who will empower every Filipino, I look forward to the future with hope. Triumph of science over death Triumph of Death Over Life by Dr. Jose Rizal â€Å"In the penetrating psycho- logical analysis of the man by Mr. Blumentritt there is mention of Rizal’s sensitivity as an artist, Mr. Blumentritt being the possessor of three terracotta statues: ‘Prometheus Bound’, ‘The Victory of Death Over Life’, and ‘The Triumph of the Intellect Over Death’†. â€Å"We are losing in Rizal not only a faithful friend of Germany and German scholarship but also the only man with sufficient knowledge and resolution to open a way for modern thought into that far-off island world. †